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Programs by state
VPP and demand response programs by state
Every program we track, grouped by state — 36 states and territories so far. States with several device types are where whole-home VPP stacking is most realistic today.
VPP Economics has no affiliation with, sponsorship from, or endorsement by any utility, aggregator, platform, or device maker named here.
Where the programs are
Tracked programs with published terms, top 16 states. Multi-state programs count in each state.
Swipe to see the full chart →
Arizona 4 programs
Energy Storage Rewards
Tucson Electric Power
Pay per kW. Seasonal.
10-year value, one device: $4,320
Storage Rewards
Arizona Public Service
Pay per kW. May 1 – Oct 31.
10-year value, one device: $3,960
Battery Partner
Salt River Project
Pay per kW. Two seasons a year.
10-year value, one device: $3,960
Cool Rewards
Arizona Public Service
$50 + $35 a year
10-year value, one device: $400
California 10 programs
SmartHome Battery Program
Ava Community Energy (East Bay CCA)
Upfront + monthly. Year-round.
10-year value, one device: $2,912
DSGS Option 3 (through an aggregator)
California Energy Commission
Pay per kW. May 1 – Oct 31.
10-year value, one device: $2,763
Nest Rush Hour Rewards
Los Angeles Dept. of Water & Power (via Renew Home)
$55 sign-up + up to $90 a season (Nest thermostats only)
10-year value, one device: $955
Smart Energy Program
Southern California Edison
$75 + up to $50 each summer
10-year value, one device: $575
SmartShift Rewards
Southern California Edison
$100 + $5–$10 a month; daily load shifting (mixing valve needed)
10-year value, one device: $700–$1,300
WatterSaver
PG&E
$50 + $5 a month; daily load shifting
10-year value, one device: $650
PowerMinder
Sacramento Municipal Utility District
$150 + $2 a month (2019 pilot terms; status unconfirmed)
10-year value, one device: $390
CalReady
Sunrun (Distributed Power Plant)
$50–$150 per battery a year, plus net-metering credit for exports; 4–9 p.m. events, 20% reserve kept
10-year value, one device: $500–$1,500
Emergency Load Reduction Program (VPP aggregation)
PG&E / SCE / SDG&E (via Tesla and others)
$2.00 per extra kWh delivered in events; Tesla cites $100–$450 per Powerwall a season
Solar Battery Savings
San Diego Community Power
Upfront storage incentive ($350/kWh market rate) plus $0.10 per kWh discharged on peak
Also in California
Sunrun CalReady and other DSGS aggregators. Enroll through your installer or battery maker; payouts vary. Details California DSGS ends after October 2026 unless it receives new funding. PG&E’s vehicle-to-everything program offers $2,500 or more toward a bidirectional EV charger.
Colorado 3 programs
Renewable Battery Connect
Xcel Energy Colorado
Upfront + annual. Summer events.
10-year value, one device: $3,375
Power+ FLEX Battery Program
Holy Cross Energy (co-op)
Upfront + monthly. Year-round.
AC Rewards
Xcel Energy
$100 + $25 a year
10-year value, one device: $350
Connecticut 2 programs
Energy Storage Solutions
Eversource / United Illuminating
Pay per kW. Summer (June–Sept) plus a few winter events.
10-year value, one device: $11,205
Connecticut EV Charging Program
Eversource / United Illuminating
$10 a month (baseline) or $25 a month (advanced, utility-managed schedule); $100 enrollment if no charger rebate
10-year value, one device: $1,300–$3,100
Also in Connecticut
ISO New England opens its energy and reserve markets to aggregated home devices in November 2026.
Delaware 1 program
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Delaware
PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
District of Columbia 1 program
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in District of Columbia
PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
Florida 1 program
On Call
Florida Power & Light
$1.50 a month; conventional tanks only
10-year value, one device: $180
Hawaii 2 programs
BYOD Plus
Hawaiian Electric
Upfront + export credit. Every day.
10-year value, one device: $5,120
Grid services water heaters
Hawaiian Electric
Pays per kW enrolled each month through partner Shifted Energy: on Oahu, $5 for fast frequency response, $3 for adding load, $2 for cutting load
Idaho 1 program
Wattsmart Battery
Rocky Mountain Power
Upfront + annual. Year-round.
Illinois 3 programs
Storage rebate + Scheduled Dispatch VPP
ComEd
Upfront + per kW. Scheduled dispatch season.
10-year value, one device: $4,410
Scheduled Dispatch VPP (interim)
Ameren Illinois
Pay per kW. Scheduled dispatch season.
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Illinois
Hosted batteries (Base Power, Energywell). ComEd-area offers that trade a supply contract for a free or low-cost battery. Details Illinois’ $300/kWh storage rebate runs 2027–2029 and requires VPP enrollment. ComEd’s Scheduled Dispatch VPP is expected to open around March 2027.
Indiana 1 program
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Indiana
MISO opens to aggregated home devices in June 2029.
Kentucky 1 program
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Kentucky
PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
Louisiana 1 program
EnergySmart Battery Program
Entergy New Orleans
Pay per kW. Annual.
10-year value, one device: $4,500
Maryland 2 programs
DRIVE Act VPP and V2G pilots
Maryland utilities (PSC order)
Pay for verified distribution support from batteries and bidirectional EVs; expected for summer 2027
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Maryland
Maryland DRIVE Act VPP and vehicle-to-grid pilots are expected for summer 2027. PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
Massachusetts 4 programs
ConnectedSolutions
Mass Save utilities (National Grid, Eversource, Unitil, Cape Light Compact)
Pay per kW. June 1 – Sept 30.
10-year value, one device: $9,900
Vehicle-to-grid test in ConnectedSolutions
Eversource / National Grid (with EnergyHub, Sunrun, The Mobility House)
Incentives for V2G-capable EVs that export at peak; amounts not yet published
ConnectedSolutions (thermostats)
Mass Save utilities
$50 ($100 income-eligible) + $20 a summer
10-year value, one device: $250
ConnectedSolutions (commercial)
National Grid / Mass Save utilities
$30–$200 per kW performance incentive, by location and number of dispatches
Also in Massachusetts
ISO New England opens its energy and reserve markets to aggregated home devices in November 2026.
Michigan 2 programs
Smart Thermostat Program
Consumers Energy
$50 + $25 after each summer
10-year value, one device: $300
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Michigan
MISO opens to aggregated home devices in June 2029.
Minnesota 1 program
AC Rewards
Xcel Energy
$100 + $25 a year
10-year value, one device: $350
Also in Minnesota
Xcel Energy has proposed up to 200 MW of utility-owned distributed batteries rather than a customer-paid VPP.
Missouri 1 program
Peak Time Savings
Ameren Missouri
$50 + $25 a year; winter events for electric heat
10-year value, one device: $300
Also in Missouri
Evergy has piloted utility-owned home batteries for a $10/month program fee.
New Hampshire 1 program
ConnectedSolutions battery rebate
Eversource New Hampshire
Upfront rebate. Summer.
Also in New Hampshire
ISO New England opens its energy and reserve markets to aggregated home devices in November 2026.
New Jersey 2 programs
Distributed Storage Capacity Block 1 (proposed)
NJ Board of Public Utilities; ACE, JCP&L, PSE&G, Rockland Electric
Pay per kW. Grid-stress events.
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in New Jersey
New Jersey’s 150 MW Block 1 incentive would begin in 2027, then move to an open-access VPP tariff in 2029. PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
New York 10 programs
Bring Your Own Battery
National Grid (upstate NY)
Pay per kW. May 1 – Sept 30.
10-year value, one device: $1,800
Bring Your Own Battery
NYSEG / RG&E
Pay per kW. May 1 – Sept 30.
Bring Your Own Battery
Orange & Rockland
Pay per kW. May 1 – Sept 30.
Bring Your Own Battery (launching)
Con Edison / Central Hudson
Pay per kW. Summer (expected).
SmartCharge New York
Con Edison (with ev.energy)
10¢ per kWh charged off-peak, $35 a summer month for avoiding 2–6 p.m. weekdays, $25 after 3 months; about $400 a year on average
10-year value, one device: $4,025
OptimizEV
NYSEG (with ev.energy)
$25 (baseline) or $150 (advanced) upfront, plus monthly off-peak credits; enroll by Dec. 31, 2026
Smart Thermostat Program
Con Edison
$85 + $25 a year from year 3
10-year value, one device: $285
ConnectedSolutions (thermostats)
National Grid (upstate NY)
$50 + $20 a summer after year 2
10-year value, one device: $210
Commercial System Relief Program (CSRP)
Con Edison
$18 per kW-month (Brooklyn, Bronx, Manhattan, Queens) or $6 (Staten Island, Westchester), plus $1/kWh in events; May–Sept
Distribution Load Relief Program (DLRP)
Con Edison
$18 (Tier 1) or $25 (Tier 2) per kW-month, plus $1/kWh in events
Also in New York
Con Edison and Central Hudson Bring Your Own Battery programs are expected to launch later in 2026. NYISO’s full FERC Order 2222 implementation is targeted for December 31, 2026.
North Carolina 4 programs
PowerPair + Power Manager Battery Control
Duke Energy Carolinas / Progress
Upfront + monthly. Year-round.
Power Manager / EnergyWise
Duke Energy Carolinas / Progress
$150 + $50 a year for electric-heat customers; summer and winter events
10-year value, one device: $650
EnergyWise Home (water heaters)
Duke Energy
$25 + $25 a year; winter mornings
10-year value, one device: $275
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in North Carolina
Duke Energy’s Power Manager Battery Control ends in December 2026.
Ohio 1 program
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Ohio
PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
Oregon 3 programs
Smart Battery pilot
Portland General Electric
Pay per kWh. Peak Time Events.
10-year value, one device: $2,754
Smart Thermostat Program
Portland General Electric
$25 + $25 each summer and each winter
10-year value, one device: $525
Smart Water Heater Rewards
Portland General Electric
Bill credits all year through a smart water heater pilot; amount not published
Pennsylvania 1 program
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Pennsylvania
PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
Puerto Rico 1 program
Customer Battery Energy Sharing
LUMA Energy
$1.25 per kWh supplied during events, paid through aggregators
Rhode Island 1 program
ConnectedSolutions (commercial)
National Grid / Mass Save utilities
$30–$200 per kW performance incentive, by location and number of dispatches
Also in Rhode Island
ISO New England opens its energy and reserve markets to aggregated home devices in November 2026.
South Carolina 2 programs
Power Manager / EnergyWise
Duke Energy Carolinas / Progress
$150 + $50 a year for electric-heat customers; summer and winter events
10-year value, one device: $650
EnergyWise Home (water heaters)
Duke Energy
$25 + $25 a year; winter mornings
10-year value, one device: $275
Tennessee 1 program
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Texas 3 programs
Power Partner
Austin Energy
$75 + $30 a year (raised March 2026)
10-year value, one device: $375
Smart Home Rewards (water heaters)
Austin Energy
$50 + $25 a year; apartment renters
10-year value, one device: $300
Emergency Response Service (ERS)
ERCOT (through qualified scheduling entities)
Paid to be on standby for grid emergencies; 10- or 30-minute response; four contract terms a year
Also in Texas
Tesla Electric VPP. Monthly VPP credit plus sellback; dispatches on ERCOT price spikes. No per-kW rate published. Details Hosted batteries (Base Power). A company-owned battery in exchange for an energy contract. Details ERCOT plans to turn its 500 MW aggregated distributed energy (ADER) pilot into permanent market rules.
Utah 1 program
Wattsmart Battery
Rocky Mountain Power
Upfront + annual. Year-round.
10-year value, one device: $3,800
Also in Utah
Rocky Mountain Power’s current Utah incentives have an October 1, 2026 application deadline.
Vermont 1 program
Bring Your Own Device
Green Mountain Power
Upfront rebate. Year-round peak events.
10-year value, one device: $3,060
Also in Vermont
Green Mountain Power’s Bring Your Own Device tariff runs through September 30, 2026 unless extended. ISO New England opens its energy and reserve markets to aggregated home devices in November 2026.
Virginia 3 programs
Smart Thermostat Rewards
Dominion Energy Virginia
$25 + $25 a year
10-year value, one device: $275
Water Energy Rewards
Dominion Energy Virginia
$40, then $10 a year (closed to new enrollment)
10-year value, one device: $130
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in Virginia
Dominion Energy Virginia is ramping up a VPP pilot that includes home batteries (from August 2026). PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
Washington 2 programs
Flex Smart
Puget Sound Energy
$50 + $40 a year, summer and winter events
10-year value, one device: $450
Flex Water Heaters
Puget Sound Energy
$20 + $20 a year, plus monthly $250 drawings
10-year value, one device: $220
West Virginia 1 program
Capacity market demand response
PJM Interconnection (through curtailment service providers)
2028/29 auction cleared at $325 per MW-day (about $119 per kW-year) across the PJM footprint; aggregators share it with sites
Also in West Virginia
PJM’s wholesale market opens to aggregated home devices in February 2028 under FERC Order 2222.
Wyoming 1 program
Wattsmart Battery
Rocky Mountain Power
Upfront + annual. Year-round.
Method and caveats
Programs limited to one utility appear under each state that utility serves. Status and terms change; follow each card’s link to the program’s own terms before enrolling.